Advanced Operating System(First Semester at CDCSIT)

Operating system aims to
   - provide  platform for applications and other software
   -manage the computer resource
   -act as a mediator between system and user(including applications)
   -Provides protections over data, files and user's profiles.

The system protection and securities is the major challenge in designing a operating system. Appropriate securities policies and protection method should be applied in operating system so that it can protect or minimize the unauthorized access to resource.

The first lecture ppt on system protection can be downloaded here

National Restructuring and Local Election-20 74

Recently, Prachand government succeed to conclude the first level local election in province 3, 5 and 6. This is a first and most important step towards the implementation of federalism in Nepal. Since the RANA regime and before, Nepal has been constantly ruled from Kathmandu, all of state power were centered in capital and exercised by then king, Rana Prime ministers and Politicians. But after the national movement-2063 and ten year moist civil war, the scenario has been changed. Now the power is in the process of decentralization and federalization. The local level body has made strong by writing their responsibilities and authorities in state constitution, no body can withdraw their power now. These written statements in constitution now became live and vivid after the local level election as the elected body of authorities assumed their oath of office. 

The main challenge here in the long run  for survival of local bodies in the country is on their resource utilization and mobilization. Along with the power they got, they also have got the responsibility of generating revenue form the local resources and distribute it on the basis of equity. Now they need to manage necessary infrastructure such as road, hospital/health center, School and others by themselves. If they become self sustained and able to generate revenue at local level, they won't need to ask donation form federal government.When they reach at this level, then they can fully exercise their power at local level. The survives of these local government solely depends upon their economic dependency.


The recent order from ministry of federal affairs and local development are the symptoms of federal government's attempt of controlling local bodies as they have been practicing it for many decades. This is all because of huge donation given to local body by federal government. It is natural to put order and control on those entity which you have provided much money as it is your concern that where they are putting your money either in the correct course or elsewhere. From this very beginning, advocates of federalism and decentralization should be very aware and critical. As the redtapism and traditional bureaucracy  can extend their hand to fail the newly born baby federalism and try to returns the power again  in center- Singhdurwar. Beware everyone, let's implement federalism and make our country prosperous and happy.

नया बर्ष २०७४ को हार्दिक मंगलमय शुभकामना

आशा गर्छु  नया वर्ष २०७४ ले सम्पूर्ण आफन्तजन, साथीभाई, इष्टमित्र लागायत सात समुन्द्र पारि रहनु भएका लाखौ नेपाली दाजुभाई दिदीबहिनीहरुको जीवनमा उमंग, उत्साह ल्याओस | हर पाहिलाहरु सफलताको शिखर चुम्न सकुन, बैरी को छाया समेत नपरोस |

जीवन सहज, सरल र सफल रहोस भन्ने हार्दिक मंगलमय शुभकामना व्यक्त गर्दै नया वर्ष २०७४ मा प्राज्ञिक क्षेत्रमा उलेख्य कार्य गर्न रिजोलुसन समेत व्यक्त गर्दछु |

National Workshop on " BScCSIT Project Work and Internship"

Workshops and Seminars are very essential to foster the capability of people who are in the field of teaching and learning. It has been very long, the BScCSIT program is running in various colleges, affiliated to Tribhuvan University. Most of them have completed one full cycle of program and many students have been graduated form these college. The course has a compulsory requirement of project work at seventh semester and internship at eighth semester. They need to prepare report as a final documents. There was a big challenge to evaluate such reports by college and external examiners as there is no uniformity in reports prepared by the students of various college.

In Picture: Mr. Tej Bahadur Shahi, Moderating the group discussion Session

With these issue at hand, the CSIT alumni association, a group of Ex-student of central department of computer science and information technology, has organized a national level workshop on CSIT project work and internship. Colleges form all around the nation took participation in the program.

The program was organized in two days. In the first day, the program was inaugurated by chief guest Prof. Dr. Ram Hari Khatiwada, Dean of Institute of Science and technology, TU. Apart form Chief Guest,  Asst. Dean, Suman Lal Shrestha, Head of Department, Asst. Prof. Nawaraj Paudel and other professors were present as a guest on the program.

Dr. Arun Timilsena from IOE, Pulchwok, has highlighted on the different aspect of computer science projects. He also shed lights on the international good practice adopted by different universities on project work and internship.

 Photo session with Asst. Prof. Sarbin Sayami (at the middle)

Later on, Asst. Prof. Sarbin Sayami, presented a paper on " proposal writing: its format, structure and guidelines" with description of  very interesting case studies. He brought a clear idea on proposal writing and the issue that a supervisor has to consider during the proposal writing phase by student.

After Lunch break, the participants took part in active discussion with experts. In this session, Experts explained the queries raised by participant in all the way. During the discussion session, most of the questions were related to the management of time schedule of examination, evaluation pattern of project work and internship.

The second day of workshop was merely focused on the structure of final year draft reports of project work and internship. Experts form CDCSIT, TU presented  power point presentations over the different issues regarding these report writing. The session was followed by a panel discussion with experts: Prof. Dr. Subarn Shakya and Nawaraj Paudel.

Finally, with the closing remarks form Prof. Dr. Sudha Tripathi, Rector, TU and President of Alumni, Mr. Sushant Paudel, program was formally come to a successful end with the declaration of future activities of Alumni. President Paudel also warned that alumni will take action on the monitoring and evaluation of CSIT college if the responsible authority of TU will not take the issue seriously.  .

Number of Native Speaker Vs Number of Speaker as Additional Language

The data shows that the number of Native speaker as well as the number of speaker who speak the given language as additional language.

People who uses Chinese language largely speak it as native language (900 million). In comparison to this, only few number of people speak it as an additional language (300 millions). what is remarkable in case of English language is that it is mostly used as an additional language than the native language ( 602 millions as additional language and 302 only as native language).

While the Spanish speakers are nearly equal to Hindi speaker. However, the number of Hindi speaker as additional language are roughly two times higher than those who speak Spanish as an additional language.

Arabic speakers are nearly equal to Portuguese speakers. However, the number of speaker  who speak Portuguese as second language is nearly 2.5 times less then that of Arabic as second language.