Some English word You need to know

Day-1:

1)      Conversant/n/-

a.        Able to converse: He is able to converse in two languages.

b.      Familiar: I am conversant with new rules and regulations.

2)      Demote/v/-

a.       To cause demotions: he was demoted in his job.

3)      Vain/adj/-

a.       Worthless and useless: A vain business, a vain attempt.

4)      Sophisticated/adj/ -

a.       Complex (well developed and advanced)

b.      Luxurious (expensive and attractive)

eg: a sophisticated hotel.

c.       having a lot of knowledge: a sophisticated person.

/opp./- unsophisticated

5)      Provincial /adj/-

a.       of the province or region: provincial party/government

b.      having or showing narrow outlook(limited): ram has provincial attitude/ideology.

6)      parochial/adj/-

a.       of the church: a parochial school.

b.      provincial (narrow-minded)

7)      insular/adj/- in+sul+ar=island

a.       of a typical island: insular life style

b.      parochial (limited minded): British are insular.

8)      Appeal/v/-

a.       greatly attract

Appealing/adj/- that you like:  appealing weather/smile/music etc.

9)      startling /adj/ : extremely surprising

10)   Unusual/adj/-

a.       other than usual: unusual power of memory.

11)   Seasoned/adj/-

a.       with salt and flavor: seasoned noodles.

b.      dry: seasoned wood

c.       Highly experienced: seasoned teacher.

12)   Facet/n/-

a.       front part of t he gemstone.

b.      part or aspect. eg: facet of life.

13)   Ambivalent /adj/

a.       of person (having contradictory feeling at the same time): I am ambivalent about my job.

14)   democratize/v/-

a.       to make democratic.

b.      /fig./ -to make st. available to all: to democratize education.

15)   Repast/n/- meal

16)   Victuals/n/- food or drink.

17)   stew /n/-

a.       meat/fish/vegetable

b.      /v/- to cook meat/vegetable/fish in liquid.

18)   Fodder /n/- food for animal or birds.

19)   Viand/n/- an item of food.

20)   Fallible /n/- likely to make mistake eg. Human beings are fallible.

/opp/-infallible

21)    Daft /n/- illogical or silly: daffy person.

22)   Inpet/adj/-

a.       socially awakward: inpet student in a classroom.

b.      Gauche

23)   Anodyne /N/ -

a.        Pain killer

b.      soothing- giving relief.

24)   woebegone /adj/-

a.       causing or feeling sorrow: woebegone song/hills/expressions.

Simulation Time and Clock Time

There are different notation of time in simulation study. The most important discussion on time in simulation is about physical time and the simulation time.

Physical time is  a time represented by system such as computer clock. It is also sometime known as clock time.

Where as a simulation time is defined during the experimental design and it may be different then clock time.

Since simulation is a model of real system. During the representation of system in to a simulation model, there may be some gap and all the information may not be included in a model. Only the relevant information are included in a model. Now the time represented by such model may not be equal to the clock time which represent an actual time. The following figure can be used to illustrate this concept.

 
Now the system and its model with time parameters are:
 

Wall clock time
A simulation program can usually obtain the current value of wall clock by reading a hardware clock maintained by some operating system (accurate to some specifiable amount of error).

Simulation time
• It is defined as totally ordered set of values where each value represents an instant of time in the physical system being modeled. Further, for any two values of simulation time T1 representing physical time P1, and T2 representing physical time P2, we have following relations"
              (T2–T1) = K*(P2–P1) for some constant K.
• If (T1<T2), then T1 is said to be occur before T2, and if T1>T2, then T1 is said to occur after T2.

When simulation execution time is paced by wall clock time, then it is known as real time simulation.

Advanced Operating System(First Semester at CDCSIT)

Operating system aims to
   - provide  platform for applications and other software
   -manage the computer resource
   -act as a mediator between system and user(including applications)
   -Provides protections over data, files and user's profiles.

The system protection and securities is the major challenge in designing a operating system. Appropriate securities policies and protection method should be applied in operating system so that it can protect or minimize the unauthorized access to resource.

The first lecture ppt on system protection can be downloaded here

National Restructuring and Local Election-20 74

Recently, Prachand government succeed to conclude the first level local election in province 3, 5 and 6. This is a first and most important step towards the implementation of federalism in Nepal. Since the RANA regime and before, Nepal has been constantly ruled from Kathmandu, all of state power were centered in capital and exercised by then king, Rana Prime ministers and Politicians. But after the national movement-2063 and ten year moist civil war, the scenario has been changed. Now the power is in the process of decentralization and federalization. The local level body has made strong by writing their responsibilities and authorities in state constitution, no body can withdraw their power now. These written statements in constitution now became live and vivid after the local level election as the elected body of authorities assumed their oath of office. 

The main challenge here in the long run  for survival of local bodies in the country is on their resource utilization and mobilization. Along with the power they got, they also have got the responsibility of generating revenue form the local resources and distribute it on the basis of equity. Now they need to manage necessary infrastructure such as road, hospital/health center, School and others by themselves. If they become self sustained and able to generate revenue at local level, they won't need to ask donation form federal government.When they reach at this level, then they can fully exercise their power at local level. The survives of these local government solely depends upon their economic dependency.


The recent order from ministry of federal affairs and local development are the symptoms of federal government's attempt of controlling local bodies as they have been practicing it for many decades. This is all because of huge donation given to local body by federal government. It is natural to put order and control on those entity which you have provided much money as it is your concern that where they are putting your money either in the correct course or elsewhere. From this very beginning, advocates of federalism and decentralization should be very aware and critical. As the redtapism and traditional bureaucracy  can extend their hand to fail the newly born baby federalism and try to returns the power again  in center- Singhdurwar. Beware everyone, let's implement federalism and make our country prosperous and happy.

नया बर्ष २०७४ को हार्दिक मंगलमय शुभकामना

आशा गर्छु  नया वर्ष २०७४ ले सम्पूर्ण आफन्तजन, साथीभाई, इष्टमित्र लागायत सात समुन्द्र पारि रहनु भएका लाखौ नेपाली दाजुभाई दिदीबहिनीहरुको जीवनमा उमंग, उत्साह ल्याओस | हर पाहिलाहरु सफलताको शिखर चुम्न सकुन, बैरी को छाया समेत नपरोस |

जीवन सहज, सरल र सफल रहोस भन्ने हार्दिक मंगलमय शुभकामना व्यक्त गर्दै नया वर्ष २०७४ मा प्राज्ञिक क्षेत्रमा उलेख्य कार्य गर्न रिजोलुसन समेत व्यक्त गर्दछु |